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In a comprehensive study of early Islamic history, Wilferd Madelung examines the conflict which developed after Muhammad's death for the leadership of the Muslim community. He pursues the history of this conflict through the reign of the four 'Rightly Guided' caliphs to its climax in the first inter-Muslim war. The outcome of the war, which marked the demise of the reign of the Early Companions, resulted in the lasting schism between Sunnite and Shi'ite Islam. Contrary to recent scholarly trends, the author brings out Ali's early claim to legitimate succession, which gained support from the Shi'a, and offers a convincing reinterpretation of early Islamic history. This book will make a major contribution to the debate over succession. Wilferd Madelung's book The Succession to Muhammad has been awarded the Best Book of the Year prize by the Islamic Republic of Iran for the year 1997.

Islamic Empire --- History --- 622-661 --- Islamic Empire - History - 622-661. --- Arts and Humanities --- Islamic Empire - History - 622-661

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In just over a hundred years--from the death of Muhammad in 632 to the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750--the followers of the Prophet swept across the whole of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. Their armies threatened states as far flung as the Franks in Western Europe and the Tang Empire in China. The conquered territory was larger than the Roman Empire at its greatest expansion, and it was claimed for the Arabs in roughly half the time. How this collection of Arabian tribes was able to engulf so many empires, states, and armies in such a short period has perplexed historians

Islamic Empire --- Empire islamique --- History --- Histoire --- Islamic Empire - History - 622-661 --- Islamic Empire - History - 661-750

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Camel, Battle of the, Iraq, 656. --- Islamic Empire -- History -- 622-661. --- Camel, Battle of the, Iraq, 656 --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Camel, Battle of the, 656 --- Jamal, Battle of, Iraq, 656 --- ʻAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, --- Islamic Empire --- History

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The conquest of Damascus is one of the main events of the Islamic conquests in bilād al-Shām. Consequently, it appears with approximately 1000 narratives in the Islamic literature. This book shows the dependencies of these narratives. It therefore exemplifies the historiography from 700-1300 CE using one single event. Using the method of isnād-cum-matn-analysis the oldest forms of Islamic historiography are reconstructed. Among them are not only the version by Ibn Ishāq, but also the narratives in the futūh-work ascribed to al-Waqidī and in al-Azdī's Futūh al-Sham. Finally, the course of the events is described on the basis of the oldest reconstructed versions. Die Eroberung von Damaskus gehört zu den bedeutendsten Ereignissen der futūh im historischen Syrien. Folglich ist sie mit circa 1000 Einzelüberlieferungen ein häufig vorkommendes Element in der islamischen Literatur. Die Zusammenhänge und Abhängigkeiten der Überlieferungen zu analysieren, ist das Hauptanliegen dieser Studie. So können Aussagen über die Historiography von 700-1300 n. Chr. an Hand eines historischen Beispiels getroffen werden. Mit Hilfe der isnād-cum-matn-Analyse gelingt es zudem die frühesten Formen muslimischer Geschichtsschreibung zu rekonstruieren. Zu diesen gehören neben der Version Ibn Ishāqs auch die Erzählungen, die sich in dem Futūḥ-Werk, das al-Waqidī zugeschrieben wird, und dem Futūḥ al-Šhām al-Azdīs finden. Auf Grundlage dieser ältesten rekonstruierten Fassungen zeichnet diese Untersuchung abschließend die Eroberung von Damaskus nach.

Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad, --- Wāqidī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar, --- Azdī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allāh, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Damascus (Syria) --- Syria --- Islamic Empire --- Historiography. --- History --- Damascus (Syria) -- History. --- Islamic Empire -- History -- 622-661. --- Syria -- History - 634-750. --- Middle East --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Azdī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allāh, --- Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad, --- Wāqidī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar, --- Al-Vāqidī, Muḥammad bin ʻUmar, --- Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar al-Wāqidī, --- Vāqidī, Muḥammad bin ʻUmar al-, --- Wákidy, Aboo ʻAbd Ollah Mohammad bin Omar, --- الواقدى، محمّد بن عمر، --- واقدي، محمد بن عمر --- واقدي، محمد بن عمر، --- واقدى، محمّد بن عمر، --- Ibn Isḥāq bin Yasār, Muḥammad, --- Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, --- إبن إسحاق، محمد، --- ابن إسحاق، محمد --- ابن إسحاق، محمد، --- ابن اسحاق بن يسار، محمّد، --- ابن اسحاق، محمد، --- ابن اسحق، محمد --- Azdī al-Baṣrī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allāh, --- Bac̦rí, Aboo Ismáʼíl Mohammad bin ʼAbd Allah al-Azdí, --- Baṣrī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allāh, --- Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allāh al-Azdī, --- أزدي، محمد بن عبد الله --- Sirii︠a︡ --- Iqlīm al-Sūrī (United Arab Republic) --- Iqlīm al-Shamālī (United Arab Republic) --- Syrian Region (United Arab Republic) --- سوريا --- Sūriyā --- Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah al-Sūrīyah --- Syrian Arab Republic --- République arabe syrienne --- Sowria --- Syrie --- R.A.S. --- RAS --- Ittiḥād al-Duwal al-Sūrīyah --- Fédération des États de Syrie --- Syrische Arabische Republik --- SAR --- Suryah --- Arabska Republika Syryjska --- Syrien --- Jumhuriya al-Arabya as-Suriya --- Repubblica Araba Siriana --- جمهورية العربية السورية --- Jumhūriyyah al-ʻArabiyyah as-Sūriyyah --- Сірыя --- Siryi︠a︡ --- Сірыйская Арабская Рэспубліка --- Siryĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Сирийската арабска република --- Siriĭskata arabska republika --- Συρία --- Αραβική Δημοκρατία της Συρίας --- Aravikē Dēmokratia tēs Syrias --- 시리아 --- Siria --- סוריה --- רפובליקה הערבית הסורית --- Republiḳah ha-ʻArvit ha-Surit --- シリア --- Shiria --- Сирия --- Сирийская Арабская Республика --- Siriĭskai︠a︡ Arabskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Сирія --- Syrii︠a︡ --- Сирійська Арабська республіка --- Syriĭsʹka Arabsʹka respublika --- 敘利亞 --- Xuliya --- United Arab Republic --- Arab countries --- Arab Empire --- Empire, Islamic --- Muslim Empire --- Dimashq (Syria) --- Dameśeḳ (Syria) --- Damascus --- Damas (Syria) --- Şam (Syria) --- Geschichtsschreibung. --- Islamische Literatur. --- Arabisch.